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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Seedless Growth of Bismuth Nanowire Array via Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
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Superconductivity in highly disordered NbN nanowires.

K Yu Arutyunov1, A Ramos-Álvarez, A V Semenov

  • 1National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics,109028, Moscow, Russia. P L Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems RAS, Moscow, 119334, Russia.

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Summary

Superconductivity in disordered materials is key for nanoelectronic devices. This study on NbN nanowires suggests intrinsic inhomogeneity is not a major factor in their resistance, unlike conventional weak links.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superconductivity in disordered materials is crucial for nanoelectronic devices like bolometers.
  • Intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity is debated for its role in the non-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer relation in superconductors.
  • Understanding these properties is vital for both fundamental superconductivity research and device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate electron transport properties in narrow Niobium Nitride (NbN) nanowires.
  • To determine the impact of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity on superconductivity in these materials.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical models of superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of narrow NbN nanowires with specific cross-section dimensions.
  • Measurement of critical current and resistance as a function of temperature.
  • Analysis of temperature dependence of critical current (Ic) and resistance (R(T)) transitions.

Main Results:

  • The critical current temperature dependence followed the Ginzburg-Landau prediction for quasi-one-dimensional superconductors (Ic ∝ (1-T/Tc)3/2).
  • Conventional phase slip models provided reasonable fits for the R(T) transitions.
  • Improved agreement was achieved by incorporating 'weak link' models with reduced local critical temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic electronic inhomogeneity does not significantly affect the resistive properties of the studied NbN nanowires.
  • Observed behavior is well-explained by conventional models, potentially involving weak links.
  • The findings suggest that 'exotic' inhomogeneity effects may not be dominant in these specific nanoscale superconducting structures.