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What Is Breast in the Bone?

Carrie S Shemanko1, Yingying Cong2, Amanda Forsyth3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, 2500 University Dr, NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. shemanko@ucalgary.ca.

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Prolactin, a hormone involved in breast development, accelerates breast cancer bone metastasis by promoting bone breakdown. This hormone plays a key role in the vicious cycle of bone metastasis in advanced breast cancer.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Prolactin is a hormone secreted by the pituitary and breast cells, influencing mammary gland development.
  • Prolactin is linked to increased breast cancer risk and metastasis, particularly in postmenopausal women.
  • Bone metastasis is a common complication of advanced breast cancer, with poor survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of prolactin in breast development, bone homeostasis, and breast cancer bone metastasis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the 'vicious cycle' in breast cancer bone metastasis.
  • To highlight prolactin's potential impact on proteins involved in both breast development and bone metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of prolactin's role in normal mammary gland and bone development.
  • Investigation of prolactin's effects on breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Prolactin can be co-opted by cancerous cells, contributing to metastasis outside its normal context.
  • Prolactin accelerates breast cancer cell-driven osteoclast differentiation and bone breakdown.
  • Prolactin influences proteins crucial for both breast development and bone metastasis, exacerbating the cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Prolactin signaling significantly impacts the vicious cycle of breast cancer bone metastasis.
  • Understanding prolactin's dual role in development and metastasis is crucial for therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting prolactin pathways may offer novel approaches to manage bone metastases in breast cancer.