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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

41
A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
41
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

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Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
76
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

14.1K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
14.1K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

27.0K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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Statistics of silicate units in binary glasses.

Anuraag Gaddam1, Lionel Montagne2, José M F Ferreira1

  • 1Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 27, 2016
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Summary

A new model using statistical mechanics predicts silicate unit distribution in binary glasses. This approach aids in understanding phase segregation and crystal nucleation, complementing experimental methods like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the distribution of silicate units in binary glasses is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Experimental techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provide insights into short-range order but can be limited in scope.
  • A theoretical framework is needed to complement experimental data and predict macroscopic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a novel model for determining silicate unit distribution in binary glasses and liquids.
  • To utilize principles of statistical mechanics and the grand canonical ensemble for modeling.
  • To provide a theoretical tool that complements experimental measurements and aids in predicting glass behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a statistical mechanics model based on the grand canonical ensemble.
  • Modeling the exchange of energy and network modifiers between silicate units and a reservoir.
  • Application of the model to binary glass compositions.

Main Results:

  • The derived model successfully predicts the distribution of silicate units in binary systems.
  • The model provides a theoretical basis for calculating liquid-liquid phase segregation and crystal nucleation.
  • Demonstrated potential for extension to more complex glass compositions.

Conclusions:

  • The new statistical mechanics model offers a powerful tool for understanding glass structure and behavior.
  • This model complements experimental techniques like NMR spectroscopy.
  • It has significant implications for predicting phase separation and crystallization in glasses.