Clinical Patterns and Causes of Intraocular Inflammation in a Uveitis Patient Cohort from Egypt

Purpose: To analyze the patterns and causes of intraocular inflammation in patients attending uveitis referral clinics in Egypt. Methods: The study included 454 patients with uveitis examined both at the Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, and tertiary uveitis referral clinics in Cairo and the International Eye Clinic in Upper Egypt, between August 2013 and March 2016. All patients had a comprehensive ocular examination and systemic work-up. Standard diagnostic criteria for uveitis syndromes were employed for all patients and ancillary ocular or systemic investigations were ordered as required by the suspected uveitis entity. Results: The mean age at presentation was 30 years (range: 4-75). The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Panuveitis was the most common anatomic pattern (43%), followed by anterior (40.7%), posterior (9%), and intermediate uveitis (7.3%). Anterior uveitis was most commonly attributed to pediatric parasitic anterior chamber granulomas (22.2%). Intermediate uveitis was most commonly idiopathic (81.8%). Toxoplasma retinitis was the most common cause of posterior uveitis (31.7%). Behçet disease was the most common cause of panuveitis followed by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease (45.6% and 22.1%, respectively). Among non-infectious etiologies, Behçet disease was the most frequent etiology (28.6%), while for infectious causes, herpetic uveitis was found to be the most frequent cause (39.8%). Conclusions: In this uveitis patient population from Egypt, panuveitis was the most commonly encountered anatomic diagnosis. Behçet disease was the most common identified cause of uveitis followed by VKH disease. Herpes-related uveitides and parasitic granulomas represented the most evident causes of infectious uveitis.