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γ-Protocadherin structural diversity and functional implications.

Kerry Marie Goodman1, Rotem Rubinstein1,2, Chan Aye Thu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.

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|October 27, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) establish unique neuronal identities. Structural studies reveal how γ-Pcdh interactions in trans and cis contribute to neuronal self-recognition, with subfamily-specific binding.

Keywords:
biophysicsclustered protocadherinscrystal structuremouseneuronal self-avoidanceneuroscienceprotein diversityprotein-protein recognitionstructural biology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) are crucial for neuronal self-recognition and establishing single-cell identities in vertebrates.
  • Stochastic expression of α-, β-, and γ-Pcdh isoforms dictates specific neuronal connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of γ-Pcdh interactions in both trans and cis orientations.
  • To understand the molecular determinants of γ-Pcdh isoform-specific homophilic recognition.
  • To investigate the role of cis-interactions in Pcdh-mediated neuronal self-recognition.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine the structures of ectodomain fragments of mouse γ-Pcdhs.
  • Identification and structural mapping of cis-dimerization mutations.
  • Biophysical studies to analyze cis-dimerization of different Pcdh isoforms and their interactions with α-Pcdhs.

Main Results:

  • Crystal structures revealed trans-homodimers for γA1, γA8, γB2, and γB7, and monomeric cis-interacting regions for γA4 and γB2.
  • The structures delineate determinants of γ-Pcdh isoform-specific homophilic recognition in trans.
  • Biophysical data indicated that γB isoforms form cis dimers, while γA isoforms do not, but both interact with α-Pcdhs in cis.

Conclusions:

  • Interaction specificity in γ-Pcdhs is distributed across the entire trans interface.
  • Subfamily- or isoform-specific cis-interactions likely contribute to the Pcdh-mediated neuronal self-recognition code.
  • Structural insights provide a foundation for understanding Pcdh function in neural circuit formation.