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Thoracic aortic rupture in horses.

M Ploeg1, V Saey2, G van Loon3

  • 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Equine Veterinary Journal
|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Aortic rupture in horses commonly occurs at the aortic root, but Friesian horses show a high prevalence of aortic arch rupture. Genetic factors likely contribute to this breed-specific condition.

Keywords:
Friesianaortaaortocardiac fistulaaortopulmonary fistulahorserupture

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Cardiology
  • Equine Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Pathology

Background:

  • Aortic rupture is a critical cardiovascular event in horses, often occurring at the aortic root and leading to aortocardiac fistulas.
  • Friesian horses exhibit a distinct predisposition to aortic rupture, specifically at the aortic arch, often resulting in pseudoaneurysms and aortopulmonary fistulas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique presentation of aortic rupture in Friesian horses.
  • To emphasize the need for adapted diagnostic techniques for aortic arch rupture.
  • To explore potential genetic underpinnings of aortic rupture in Friesian horses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and post-mortem findings in horses with aortic rupture.
  • Comparative analysis of aortic pathology between Friesian horses and Warmbloods.
  • Consideration of echocardiographic and post-mortem examination adaptations.

Main Results:

  • Friesian horses predominantly experience aortic arch rupture, unlike other breeds where the aortic root is more common.
  • Aortic arch rupture in Friesians can lead to pseudoaneurysm and aortopulmonary fistulation.
  • Standard diagnostic methods may fail to detect aortic arch rupture.

Conclusions:

  • Aortic arch rupture is a significant concern in young Friesian horses.
  • Specialized echocardiographic and post-mortem techniques are crucial for diagnosing aortic arch rupture in this breed.
  • Genetic factors, possibly related to extracellular matrix differences, are implicated in the high prevalence of aortic rupture in Friesian horses.