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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Breastfeeding Evaluation Indicators System is a Promising Evaluation Tool for Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive

Xiurong Yu1, Hongying Sun1, Xiangyun Lin1

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland).

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|October 27, 2016
PubMed

Insights

This study developed a breastfeeding evaluation system for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The system provides a reliable tool to assess and improve breastfeeding quality for vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric nutrition
  • Quality improvement science

Background:

  • Breastfeeding positively impacts preterm infants' neurodevelopment and immune function.
  • Effective evaluation of breastfeeding quality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is crucial for hospitalized preterm infants.
  • Existing evaluation methods may not comprehensively assess breastfeeding quality for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a breastfeeding evaluation indicators system for hospitalized preterm infants in NICUs.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for a comprehensive assessment of breastfeeding quality.
  • To establish a feasible and usable tool for continuous quality improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Avedis Donabedian's theory of medical care quality.
  • Formulated an initial indicator system framework through literature review, clinical observation, and expert consultation.
  • Verified and established the system using specialist meetings and the Delphi method, followed by feasibility testing in NICUs.

Main Results:

  • Developed a 3-level breastfeeding evaluation system (Level 1: 3 indicators, Level 2: 7 indicators, Level 3: 18 indicators).
  • Achieved high recognition rates for indicator importance (94.4%-100.0% for Level 2, 80.6%-100.0% for Level 3).
  • Demonstrated high expert consensus (P<0.001) and feasibility in NICU settings.

Conclusions:

  • The developed breastfeeding evaluation indicators system is feasible and practical for NICU implementation.
  • This system offers a promising approach for the continuous improvement of breastfeeding quality for preterm infants.
  • The combined qualitative and quantitative methods provide a robust framework for overall breastfeeding quality assessment.

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