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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

4.6K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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[Studies on telomerase reverse transcriptase components and liver cancer].

J J Cai1, X L Guo

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.

Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi = Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Hepatology
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Summary

Telomeres shorten with cell division, but some cells activate telomerase, a key factor in liver cancer development. This review explores telomerase and TERT

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences at chromosome ends, shorten during cell proliferation, leading to senescence or apoptosis.
  • Cellular immortalization can occur when telomere length is maintained via mechanisms like telomerase activation.
  • Telomere length maintenance is linked to cancer development, with telomerase activation being an early event in primary liver cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding telomerase function and regulation.
  • To examine the specific role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To provide a molecular genetic foundation for liver cancer intervention and targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on telomeres, telomerase, and TERT.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the mechanisms of telomere maintenance and their implications in cancer.
  • Synthesis of findings related to TERT's involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma development, progression, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase activation, particularly involving TERT, is crucial for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • TERT plays a significant role in maintaining telomere length, enabling cancer cell proliferation and survival.
  • Dysregulation of telomerase and TERT contributes to the immortalization of cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase and its catalytic subunit TERT are critical players in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis.
  • Understanding TERT's function and regulation offers potential targets for novel liver cancer therapies.
  • Further research into telomere biology may yield new strategies for early detection and treatment of liver cancer.