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Forces shaping the Drosophila wing.

M C Diaz de la Loza1, B J Thompson1

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Brill Place, London NW1 1BF, United Kingdom.

Mechanisms of Development
|November 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genes control tissue shape by generating force patterns. Studies in fruit flies reveal how local and global forces, influenced by myosins and tissue growth, shape developing wings, a process reproducible by computer simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding how genes dictate tissue 3D shape is a key biological question.
  • Fruit fly (Drosophila) studies have identified genes controlling force generation in developing wings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of local and global force pattern generation in tissue morphogenesis.
  • To explain how these forces contribute to tissue shaping during development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies in Drosophila.
  • Analysis of force generation mechanisms: acto-myosin contractility, extracellular matrix anchorage, and tissue growth.
  • Examination of the role of mechanical forces, mass, and resistance in determining tissue form.
  • Inclusion of computer simulations of tissue mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Short-range forces from planar polarised myosins aid boundary formation and elongation in larval wings.
  • Long-range forces are vital for wing shaping during the pupal stage.
  • Patterned contractility, anchorage, and growth are key force generation methods.

Conclusions:

  • The balance of force, mass, and resistance governs the mechanical response that creates specific tissue forms.
  • Computer simulations can effectively model and reproduce morphogenetic events observed in tissues.