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Advances in bone marrow stem cell therapy for retinal dysfunction.

Susanna S Park1, Elad Moisseiev1, Gerhard Bauer2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|November 6, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone marrow stem cells show promise for treating retinal dysfunction and vision loss. Early clinical trials explore autologous cells for conditions like macular degeneration, offering potential regenerative effects.

Keywords:
Bone marrowCD34HematopoieticMesenchymalRetinaStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Retinal dysfunction causes untreatable vision loss globally, with conditions like age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma being leading causes.
  • Current treatments for these conditions are limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Stem cell therapy, particularly using bone marrow-derived stem cells, is being investigated for retinal regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the use of bone marrow stem cells for treating retinal dysfunction.
  • To discuss the potential benefits, limitations, and complications of various bone marrow stem cell types in retinal therapy.
  • To explore future research directions in stem cell-based retinal treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical evidence and early clinical trials involving bone marrow stem cells for retinal conditions.
  • Analysis of different types of bone marrow stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells, and CD34+ cells.
  • Examination of intravitreal delivery methods and their safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical data suggest bone marrow stem cells can rescue degenerating and ischemic retinas, primarily through paracrine trophic effects.
  • Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells, CD34+ cells) are in early clinical trials.
  • Intravitreal delivery of CD34+ and mononuclear cells appears tolerated, with some cells showing retinal homing capabilities; safety of mesenchymal stem cell delivery is less established.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow stem cells offer a potential therapeutic approach for various retinal conditions due to their regenerative and trophic effects.
  • Autologous therapy avoids systemic immunosuppression and donor matching, making it a viable option.
  • Further research is needed to optimize stem cell therapy, explore alternatives like extracellular vesicles, and utilize advanced imaging for monitoring treatment efficacy.