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Related Concept Videos

Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
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Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
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Response to light compressive force in human cementoblasts in vitro.

Kenji Matsunaga1, Chika Ito, Kaichi Nakakogawa

  • 1Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College.

Biomedical Research (Tokyo, Japan)
|October 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Light compressive force on human cementoblasts (HCEM) did not impact cell growth or morphology. However, it suppressed key cementogenic differentiation markers in vitro.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Cementoblasts are crucial for cementum formation and tooth root development.
  • Understanding cellular responses to mechanical forces is vital for tissue engineering and orthodontics.
  • Previous research has explored various mechanical stimuli on cementoblasts, but light compressive forces require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of light compressive force on human cementoblast (HCEM) cell line.
  • To analyze changes in cell growth, morphology, and the expression of specific cementogenic differentiation markers.

Main Methods:

  • Human cementoblast cell line (HCEM) subjected to light compressive force (0.25 gf/cm²) for 12 hours.
  • Post-loading culture for up to 21 days with control group for comparison.
  • Assessment of cell proliferation, morphology, and mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, WNT5A, and SPON1.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in cell number or viability were observed between compressed and control groups.
  • Light compressive force led to slightly flattened cell morphology on day 0, with no cell death.
  • Significantly lower mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, and WNT5A was noted in the compressed group on day 7.
  • SPON1 expression, a cementoblast differentiation marker, was upregulated over time but reduced in the compressed group compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Light compressive force does not adversely affect human cementoblast viability or growth.
  • Mechanical loading restrains the expression of key cementogenic differentiation markers in vitro.
  • Findings suggest potential implications for orthodontic tooth movement and regenerative therapies involving cementoblasts.