Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
Published on: April 25, 2025
Taking the STING Out of Ureteral Obstruction
Jack Crozier1, Ivan Aw2, Philip Huang Min Tan2
1Department of Surgery, Western Health, Footscray, Australia.; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Insights
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children can lead to kidney damage. A rare complication of older endoscopic surgery, ureteral obstruction, was successfully treated with a new endoscopic technique.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Surgical Innovation
- Urologic Complications
Background:
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) affects approximately 1% of children, necessitating treatment to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and preserve renal function.
- Surgical interventions for VUR include endoscopic injection and ureteral reimplantation.
- Subureteral Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) injection (STING) was an endoscopic approach now largely abandoned due to material migration complications.
Observation:
- A case is presented of a patient experiencing delayed ureteral obstruction.
- This obstruction occurred 21 years after the initial Subureteral Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) injection (STING) procedure.
Findings:
- The study details a rare, late-onset ureteral obstruction following a Subureteral Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) injection (STING).
- A novel endoscopic approach was successfully employed to manage this delayed complication.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for long-term complications from older VUR treatments.
- The successful management underscores the utility of innovative endoscopic techniques for addressing refractory urologic conditions.
Abstract:
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is diagnosed in ∼1% of children. The main goal of treatment is preservation of renal function by preventing recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) refractory to antibiotic therapy. Surgical treatment options include endoscopic injection or ureteral reimplantation. Subureteral Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) injection (STING) is an endoscopic treatment option no longer in common practice. Use of Teflon is no longer advised because of a number of documented complications secondary to local and distant migration of injected material. We present a case of delayed ureteral obstruction secondary to the STING procedure occurring 21 years after initial surgery and managed using a novel endoscopic method.
Related Concept Videos
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Ureters
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

