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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Experimental Metastasis and CTL Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy Mouse Model
Published on: November 26, 2010
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor escape from immune surveillance
Viktor Umansky1,2, Carolin Blattner3,4, Viktor Fleming3,4
1Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. v.umansky@dkfz.de.
Abstract:
Tumor progression is known to be supported by chronic inflammatory conditions developed in the tumor microenvironment. It is characterized by the long-term secretion of various inflammatory soluble factors (including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, prostaglandins, etc.) and strong leukocyte infiltration. Among leukocytes infiltrating tumors, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent one of the most important players mediating immunosuppression and supporting tumor escape. These cells can strongly inhibit antitumor immune reactions mediated by T cells and NK cells. Moreover, MDSCs are generated, recruited to the tumor site, and activated not only under the influence of soluble inflammatory mediators but also due to extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells. EVs play a key role in the formation of MDSCs via the conversion of normal myeloid cells and altering the normal myelopoiesis. In addition, EVs help create a suitable microenvironment for the metastatic process.
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