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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

In Vitro Cellular Activity Evaluation of the Nanoemulsion Vaccine Adjuvant Ophiopogonin D
Published on: December 9, 2022
Satoshi Nojima1,2,3, Atsushi Kumanogoh4,5,6
1Division of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Semaphorins are key immune regulators. This study presents a novel in vitro method to investigate how semaphorins influence dendritic cell antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell differentiation, advancing our understanding of semaphorin-mediated immunity.
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