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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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Stromal contributions to the carcinogenic process.

Mark Spaw1, Shrikant Anant2,3, Sufi Mary Thomas1,3,4

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Molecular Carcinogenesis
|October 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor-associated stromal cells significantly influence cancer progression. Targeting these cells and their microenvironment offers promising therapeutic strategies for various cancers.

Keywords:
TAMcarcinogenesisendothelial cellsmicrobiometumor-associated stroma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • Tumor-associated stromal cells are integral to cancer progression, influencing initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis.
  • The tumor microenvironment comprises diverse cellular components (microbiome, immune cells, vascular cells, fibroblasts, neurons, adipocytes) and non-cellular elements (matrix proteins, secreted factors).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the role of various tumor-associated stromal cell types in carcinogenesis.
  • To highlight therapeutic targets and intervention strategies focused on stromal cell mechanisms in cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on tumor-associated stromal cells.
  • Analysis of the contribution of specific stromal cell types to tumorigenesis.
  • Identification of potential therapeutic targets within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Stromal cells actively promote tumor progression through diverse mechanisms.
  • Specific stromal cell populations, including immune cells and fibroblasts, play critical roles.
  • The tumor microenvironment presents numerous targets for novel cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting tumor-associated stromal cells and their microenvironment is a key strategy for future cancer therapy development.
  • Understanding the multifaceted roles of stromal cells is essential for designing effective anti-cancer treatments.