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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Multimodal Perception

    Background:

    • Multitasking in data-rich environments benefits from distributing tasks across modalities.
    • Tactile/haptic icons are increasingly explored for information presentation.
    • Previous research focused on task modality, not processing codes, for tactile icon effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how concurrent task processing codes affect the interpretation of iconic tactile patterns.
    • To test predictions from Multiple Resource Theory regarding resource competition.

    Main Methods:

    • Two driving simulation studies were conducted with 25 participants each.
    • Participants decoded tactile icons (spatial or nonspatial vibrations).
    • Concurrent visual tasks involved spatial or nonspatial stimuli.

    Main Results:

    • Performance was significantly worse (5-10%) when tactile icons and visual tasks shared the same processing code.
    • The worst performance occurred with spatial-spatial task pairings.
    • Findings support Multiple Resource Theory's predictions on resource competition.

    Conclusions:

    • Concurrent task processing codes significantly impact tactile icon interpretation.
    • Design of iconic tactile displays must consider processing code competition alongside other factors.
    • Nonspatial tactile icons may be advantageous in environments with high spatial processing demands, like car cockpits.