Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

2.2K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
2.2K
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

3.4K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
3.4K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

29.2K
UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...
29.2K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.8K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.8K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

5.6K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
5.6K
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

6.4K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Effect of Intensive Education in Patients With First-Ever Ischemic Stroke.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Trends in Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A 5-Year Nationwide Study in Korea.

Journal of Korean medical science·2026
Same author

Trends in Acute Care and Rehabilitation for First-Ever Stroke Patients: A 12-Year Perspective, the KOSCO Study.

Journal of Korean medical science·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Incidence and associated factors of major VCI in first-ever ischemic stroke patients with mild VCI: a five-year prospective cohort study" [The Lancet Regional Health - Western pacific Volume 67, February 2026, 101800].

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific·2026
Same author

An open-source compact stimulator for various transcranial and transcutaneous electrical stimulation in preclinical research.

Biomedical engineering letters·2026
Same author

Interpretable Network-Level Biomarker Discovery for Alzheimer's Stage Assessment Using Resting-State fNIRS Complexity Graphs.

Brain sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation
20:12

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

Published on: October 8, 2011

31.2K

Bundled-Optode Method in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Hoang-Dung Nguyen1, Keum-Shik Hong1,2, Yong-Il Shin3

  • 1Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.

Plos One
|October 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for measuring hemoglobin concentrations using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to distinguish brain activity during two-finger movements. Results show distinct hemodynamic responses between little and thumb finger activations.

More Related Videos

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
06:42

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: January 19, 2019

11.2K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Using Assisted Active Exercise
04:43

Author Spotlight: Advancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Using Assisted Active Exercise

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation
20:12

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

Published on: October 8, 2011

31.2K
Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
06:42

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: January 19, 2019

11.2K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Using Assisted Active Exercise
04:43

Author Spotlight: Advancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Using Assisted Active Exercise

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique.
  • Measuring absolute concentrations of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) is crucial for understanding hemodynamic responses.
  • Existing fNIRS methods may have limitations in precise concentration detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theory for detecting absolute oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations using fNIRS.
  • To apply this method to differentiate brain activity during distinct finger movements.
  • To analyze and compare hemodynamic responses between little and thumb finger flexion/extension.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bundled-optode configuration in continuous-wave dual-wavelength (760 and 830 nm) fNIRS.
  • Recruited five healthy male subjects for the experiment.
  • Analyzed t- and p-values of averaged HbO concentrations to identify active brain locations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified distinct brain activation patterns for little and thumb finger movements.
  • Demonstrated that hemodynamic responses differ significantly between the two finger movements.
  • Observed higher mean, peak, and time-to-peak values for little finger movements compared to thumb movements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fNIRS method enables accurate detection of absolute hemoglobin concentrations.
  • The findings highlight distinct neurovascular coupling patterns for different finger movements.
  • The proposed technique shows potential for extension to 3D fNIRS imaging for more comprehensive brain analysis.