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Published on: August 8, 2022
Genetic Variants in Isolated Ebstein Anomaly Implicated in Myocardial Development Pathways.
Robert J Sicko1, Marilyn L Browne2,3, Shannon L Rigler4,5
1Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America.
Genetic factors, including copy number variants and sequence variants, are implicated in Ebstein anomaly (EA), a rare congenital heart defect. This study identified 35 candidate copy number variants and rare sequence variants in EA cases, suggesting altered myocardial development pathways.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Cardiology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by tricuspid valve malformation and displacement.
- The exact cause of EA is unknown, but a genetic component is suspected due to familial aggregation.
- Copy number variants (CNVs) are known contributors to congenital heart defects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically search for copy number variants (CNVs) in isolated Ebstein anomaly (EA) cases.
- To sequence known and candidate genes associated with EA.
- To identify genetic factors contributing to the etiology of EA.
Main Methods:
- Genome-wide search for CNVs in 47 isolated EA cases using genotyping microarrays.
- Targeted sequencing of EA genes and candidate genes using a custom HaloPlex panel.
- Gene set enrichment analysis to identify affected biological pathways.
Main Results:
- 35 candidate CNVs were identified in 24 (51%) EA cases.
- Rare sequence variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes were found in 11 (23%) EA cases.
- Two CNVs near the HEY1 gene were found in three unrelated cases, and other CNVs involved myocardial development genes.
Conclusions:
- Altered myocardial programs, including cardiomyocyte differentiation and histone modification, likely contribute to abnormal tricuspid valve development in EA.
- Ribosomal RNA processing may represent a novel pathway involved in EA pathogenesis.
- Further research into cardiomyocyte differentiation is warranted to understand EA etiology.
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