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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Efficient Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion with Subsolar Irradiance.

Melika Mahboub1, Zhiyuan Huang1, Ming Lee Tang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.

Nano Letters
|November 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel hybrid system for efficient infrared to visible light upconversion. This advancement in third-generation photovoltaics could enhance solar energy conversion beyond theoretical limits.

Keywords:
Dexter transferNIR upconversionacenecore−shell semiconductor quantum dotssolartriplets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Third-generation photovoltaics aim to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit for power conversion efficiency.
  • Advanced concepts include upconversion, intermediate band solar cells, and multiexciton generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate efficient upconversion of infrared to visible light using a hybrid nanocrystal-organic system.
  • To achieve this at excitation densities below the solar flux for potential photovoltaic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Colloidal synthesis of core-shell lead sulfide-cadmium sulfide (PbS-CdS) nanocrystals.
  • Integration of PbS-CdS nanocrystals with tetracene derivatives for light upconversion.

Main Results:

  • Achieved upconversion of near-infrared light to visible light (560 nm) with an upconversion quantum yield (QY) of 8.4 ± 1.0%.
  • Demonstrated efficient upconversion at 808 nm continuous wave (cw) excitation (3.2 mW/cm²), below solar flux levels.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered hybrid upconversion platform shows promise for next-generation photovoltaics.
  • Potential applications extend to photodetectors and photocatalysis.