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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta
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Stem Cell Considerations for the Clinician.

Karen A Hasty1, Hongsik Cho1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Campbell Clinic/UTHSC, VA Medical Center, Research Service 151, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells show promise in orthopaedics, but clinical researchers must address remaining questions. Further research and preclinical models are crucial for personalized medicine applications.

Keywords:
Adipose-derived stem cellsAllogeneicAutologousBone marrow–derived stem cellsMesenchymal stem cellsNonunionsOsteoarthritisParacrine

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Research
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell-Based Therapies

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer potential therapeutic benefits in orthopaedics.
  • Significant questions persist regarding the optimal application and efficacy of MSCs.
  • Translating preclinical findings into clinical practice for orthopaedic patients is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for clinical research in evaluating mesenchymal stem cell therapies.
  • To emphasize the role of preclinical models in answering key questions about MSCs.
  • To frame the challenges in MSC research within the context of personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on mesenchymal stem cell efficacy.
  • Discussion of the role of preclinical models in guiding clinical research.
  • Exploration of the challenges in translating cell-based therapies for orthopaedic applications.

Main Results:

  • Ample evidence supports the beneficial outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell use.
  • Numerous unanswered questions necessitate further investigation.
  • Clinical researchers face the significant task of evaluating and implementing MSC findings.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing remaining questions about mesenchymal stem cells is vital for advancing orthopaedic patient care.
  • Preclinical models are valuable tools, but clinical evaluation is paramount.
  • The challenges in MSC research align with the principles of personalized medicine.