Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

33.5K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
33.5K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

13.1K
13.1K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

38.2K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
38.2K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

21.9K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
21.9K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

27.6K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
27.6K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

9.9K
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The One Health resistome: Integrating environmental, microbial, and human antimicrobial resistance surveillance and risk analysis in the digital age.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Temperature-dependent biofilm and sublancin production arrest soil arsenic and antibiotic resistance gene mobility.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Engineering modular and orthogonal genetic logic gates for robust digital-like synthetic biology.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Heterogeneity in responses to ribosome-targeting antibiotics mediated by bacterial RNA repair.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Synthetic Whole-Cell Bioelectronic Chemical Sensing with <i>In Situ</i> Genetic Computing.

Chem & bio engineering·2025
Same author

Routine Tumor Testing for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Patients With High Grade Epithelial Ovarian Cancer at a Statewide Gynecological Cancer Service in Western Australia: An Observational Study.

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.2K

The bacterial enhancer-dependent RNA polymerase.

Nan Zhang1, Vidya C Darbari2, Robert Glyde3

  • 1Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K. Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A.

The Biochemical Journal
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial transcription initiation relies on sigma54 factors and bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bEBPs). bEBPs remodel sigma54 using ATP, enabling gene regulation by controlling RNA polymerase activity and promoter DNA opening.

Keywords:
AAA+ proteinsRNA polymerasebEBPssigma54sigma70transcription

More Related Videos

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

444
Essential Components of Borreliella Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays
07:15

Essential Components of Borreliella Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays

Published on: July 22, 2022

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.2K
Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

444
Essential Components of Borreliella Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays
07:15

Essential Components of Borreliella Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays

Published on: July 22, 2022

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Transcription
  • Protein-DNA Interactions

Background:

  • Bacterial transcription initiation is tightly regulated for adaptive gene expression.
  • Sigma54 factors prevent RNA polymerase from opening promoter DNA.
  • Bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bEBPs) are essential for remodeling sigma54.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural mechanism by which bEBPs remodel sigma54.
  • To understand how sigma54's interaction with RNA polymerase impedes transcription.
  • To detail the role of bEBP self-assembly in regulating transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallographic studies of closed promoter complexes.
  • Structural analysis of sigma54 and RNA polymerase interactions.
  • Investigating bEBP-sigma54 complex formation and remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Sigma54 occupies RNA polymerase, blocking promoter DNA opening.
  • bEBPs remodel sigma54 via ATP hydrolysis, requiring bEBP hexamerization.
  • bEBP interaction with sigma54's N-terminal region induces structural changes in RNA polymerase.

Conclusions:

  • bEBP-mediated sigma54 remodeling is crucial for bacterial transcription initiation.
  • Structural insights reveal how sigma54's conformation regulates RNA polymerase activity.
  • This mechanism allows bacteria to adapt gene expression to environmental cues.