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Aggregation and the competitive exclusion principle.

N F Britton1

  • 1School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, U.K.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|January 9, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study models animal aggregation, showing that grouping behaviors and average population density influence competition. Aggregation can enable population coexistence, challenging the Competitive Exclusion Principle.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Animal populations face competition for resources and predation risks.
  • Individual behavior, such as aggregation, can significantly impact population dynamics.
  • Traditional models often assume local density, neglecting animal movement and resource seeking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical model for animal aggregation.
  • To investigate how aggregation influences intra- and inter-specific competition.
  • To explore the implications of aggregation on population coexistence and the Competitive Exclusion Principle.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model was formulated based on two premises: advantages of grouping and competition dependent on average local density.
  • The model was extended to include competing populations with inter-specific competition also based on average density.
  • The model's predictions regarding population coexistence were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates that aggregation, driven by social benefits or predator avoidance, alters competition dynamics.
  • Competition is influenced by the average population density in an area, not just local density, due to animal movement.
  • Aggregation can facilitate the coexistence of species that would otherwise be outcompeted.

Conclusions:

  • Animal aggregation is a crucial factor in population dynamics and resource competition.
  • Considering average population density provides a more realistic view of competition, especially in mobile populations.
  • The findings suggest that aggregation can be a mechanism promoting biodiversity by enabling species coexistence, offering a nuanced perspective on the Competitive Exclusion Principle.

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