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A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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Sleep and Microbes.

J M Krueger1, M R Opp2

  • 1Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States.

International Review of Neurobiology
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infections alter sleep patterns, initially increasing non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) then inhibiting it, while REMS is suppressed. These sleep changes, triggered by pathogen molecules, are likely adaptive immune responses.

Keywords:
BacteriaCytokineFeverGut microbiotaLPSPeptidoglycanSleepSleep lossViruses

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Sleep patterns are significantly altered during infectious diseases.
  • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria and viruses can trigger immune responses, including changes in sleep.
  • Gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors and may interact with sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how infectious diseases impact sleep architecture.
  • To identify the molecular triggers of infection-induced sleep alterations.
  • To understand the interplay between sleep, infection, and the gut microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sleep, infection, and immune responses.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in pathogen recognition and cytokine production.
  • Discussion of the bidirectional relationship between sleep, gut microbiota, and neurobiology.

Main Results:

  • Infections typically increase non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) initially, followed by inhibition, while REM sleep (REMS) is consistently inhibited.
  • Bacterial components (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) and viral products (dsRNA) activate pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors, leading to cytokine release and sleep modulation.
  • Sleep loss can increase bacterial translocation from the gut, highlighting a connection between sleep, microbes, and neurobiology.

Conclusions:

  • Altered sleep and fever responses during infection are likely adaptive mechanisms to combat pathogens.
  • Interactions between sleep, gut microbes, and the immune system play a crucial role in health and disease.
  • Further research into these complex interactions may reveal novel therapeutic targets.