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Neuropeptides, Microbiota, and Behavior.

P Holzer1

  • 1Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.

International Review of Neurobiology
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota and brain communicate via neuropeptides, influencing host interactions, peptide synthesis, and blood-brain barrier regulation. These gut-brain axis pathways impact brain activity and responses to microbial signals.

Keywords:
AnxietyBrain-derived neurotrophic factorCognitionCorticotropin-releasing factorDepressionFood intakeGut hormonesGut–brain axisMicrobial metabolitesMicrobiotaNeuropeptide YPainPeptide YYSatiety

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota and brain exhibit bidirectional communication.
  • Neuropeptides and neuroactive peptides are key mediators in this gut-brain axis.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for neurological and gastrointestinal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the emerging roles of neuropeptides in the gut microbiota-brain axis.
  • To outline the distinct mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences neuropeptide function.
  • To highlight the impact of these interactions on brain activity and host physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on gut microbiota-brain signaling.
  • Identification and categorization of key neuropeptide-mediated pathways.
  • Analysis of microbial influence on peptide synthesis, activity, and brain regulation.

Main Results:

  • Six primary modes of neuropeptide-mediated gut-brain communication were identified.
  • Microbiota influences neuropeptide synthesis via amino acid availability and autoantibodies.
  • Gut microbiota modulates the blood-brain barrier and brain neuropeptide activity.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropeptides are critical in mediating the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain.
  • Microbial influence extends to the synthesis, regulation, and central actions of neuropeptides.
  • These findings offer insights into potential therapeutic targets for gut-brain axis disorders.