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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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miRNA Biogenesis: A Dynamic Pathway.

Natalia P Achkar1, Damián A Cambiagno1, Pablo A Manavella1

  • 1Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.

Trends in Plant Science
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression for homeostasis. This review explores dynamic miRNA biogenesis regulation, its crosstalk with transcription and splicing, and tissue-specific control for plant development.

Keywords:
gene silencingmiRNA biogenesismicroRNAsmall RNAsplicing.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Gene regulation
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of plant homeostasis by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs), particularly those encoding transcription factors.
  • Maintaining a precise spatial and temporal balance between miRNAs and their targets is crucial for proper biological outcomes in plants.
  • Understanding the dynamic nature of miRNA regulation is essential for comprehending plant development and response to environmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the dynamic regulation of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis in plants.
  • To highlight the intricate crosstalk between miRNA biogenesis pathways and other fundamental cellular processes like transcription and splicing.
  • To examine how miRNA biogenesis is modulated in specific plant tissues to ensure harmonious development through balanced gene expression and silencing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on plant miRNA biogenesis.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms governing miRNA production and function.
  • Discussion of interconnections between miRNA pathways and transcriptional/splicing machinery.

Main Results:

  • Plant miRNA biogenesis is a highly dynamic process influenced by multiple regulatory layers.
  • Significant crosstalk exists between miRNA biogenesis and core cellular processes, impacting gene silencing efficacy.
  • Tissue-specific regulation of miRNA biogenesis is critical for achieving developmental coordination and maintaining plant homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic regulation of miRNA biogenesis, including its integration with transcription and splicing, is fundamental to plant development.
  • Fine-tuning of gene expression via miRNAs and their targets is achieved through complex spatial and temporal control mechanisms.
  • Further research into miRNA biogenesis regulation will provide deeper insights into plant growth, development, and adaptation.