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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Hong Bin Liu1, Yi Wang1, Sen Yang1
1Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS) effectively treats brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs), significantly reducing hemorrhage rates post-treatment. Lower radiation doses may further decrease complications and bleeding risks.
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