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Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis
1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
|October 31, 2016
Summary
Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease spread by vectors, is a growing global concern. Public health monitoring and interventions are crucial to control its spread, driven by environmental and socio-economic factors.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne parasitic disease, is re-emerging globally, impacting human, animal, and wildlife health.
- Its spread is influenced by complex interactions between hosts, reservoirs, vectors (sandflies), and environmental conditions.
Approach:
- This study reviews ecological and epidemiological factors driving leishmaniasis emergence and spread.
- Identifies key drivers including climate change, deforestation, drug resistance, and socio-economic conditions.
Key Points:
- Environmental changes (temperature, water storage, irrigation, deforestation) and climate change are significant drivers.
- Increased travel, dog importation, HIV/transplant-related immunosuppression, drug resistance, war, and poverty exacerbate spread.
- Public health interventions, including health education, vector control, and reservoir management, are essential.
Conclusions:
- Leishmaniasis poses significant public health and economic challenges due to its complex ecology and epidemiology.
- Effective control requires integrated strategies encompassing public health monitoring, education, and targeted interventions.
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