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Systematic Review: Exposure to Community Violence and Physical Health Outcomes in Youth
Anna W Wright1, Makeda Austin1, Carolyn Booth1
1Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia.
Objective:
To systematically review the evidence for associations between exposure to community violence and physical health outcomes in children and adolescents.
Methods:
A thorough search of multiple online databases and careful consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a final 28 studies for detailed review. In addition to review of findings, studies were rated on overall quality based on study design.
Results:
Seven categories of physical health outcomes emerged, including asthma/respiratory health, cardiovascular health, immune functioning, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, sleep problems, weight, and a general health category. There were mixed findings across these categories. Evidence for a positive association between community violence exposure and health problems was strongest in the cardiovascular health and sleep categories.
Conclusion:
There is reason to believe that community violence exposure has an effect on some areas of physical health. Additional well-designed research that focuses on mechanisms as well as outcomes is warranted.
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