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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
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Artificial Symmetry-Breaking for Morphogenetic Engineering Bacterial Colonies.

Isaac N Nuñez1,2, Tamara F Matute1,2, Ilenne D Del Valle3

  • 1Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , 7820436, Santiago, Chile.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|November 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic biology enables engineering multicellular morphologies by creating artificial symmetry-breaking and cell differentiation mechanisms. This bottom-up approach allows for the bottom-up construction of novel population-scale structures.

Keywords:
CRISPRmodelingmorphogenesismorphogenetic engineeringsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Morphogenetic engineering aims to design self-organizing patterns in multi-agent systems.
  • Synthetic biology enhances the engineering of biological systems for reproducibility and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Apply synthetic biology to engineer multicellular morphologies.
  • Develop elementary functions for prototyping morphogenetic instructions in bacterial colonies.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered symmetry-breaking via plasmid segregation for artificial patterning.
  • Developed domain-specific cell regulation for artificial differentiation.
  • Utilized CellModeller for in silico design and exploration.
  • Employed CRISPRi/Cas technology for gene expression and growth regulation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully engineered artificial patterning and cell differentiation mechanisms.
  • Demonstrated in silico design guidance and exploration of the design space.
  • Encoded spatially structured functions including metabolic complementation and gene expression.
  • Showcased CRISPRi/Cas-mediated regulation of cell growth via methionine synthesis control.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered mechanisms enable bottom-up construction of novel population-scale structures.
  • Separating patterning from actuation simplifies the engineering cycle.
  • These tools facilitate the study of morphogenetic principles and the creation of engineered biological systems.