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The Cutaneous Telocytes.

Catalin G Manole1,2,3, Olga Simionescu4

  • 11st Clinic of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. catalin.manole@jcmm.org.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 1, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telocytes (TCs) are skin interstitial cells with unique prolongations called telopodes. Their structure and distribution change in skin diseases like psoriasis and systemic sclerosis, indicating roles in skin health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Telocytes (TCs) are interstitial cells residing in the dermal stroma.
  • Normal skin TCs exhibit characteristic ultrastructural features, including telopodes with alternating thin (podomeres) and dilated (podoms) segments.
  • TCs form a 3D network through homocellular and heterocellular junctions, interacting physically and chemically with other dermal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the ultrastructure and distribution of telocytes (TCs) in normal human dermis.
  • To investigate the alterations in TCs' ultrastructure and distribution in pathological skin conditions, specifically systemic sclerosis and psoriasis.
  • To elucidate the potential roles of TCs in skin homeostasis and dermatological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high magnification light microscopy to analyze TC ultrastructure.
  • Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) for detailed telopode morphology.
  • Immunohistochemical studies to identify protein markers (CD34, PDGFRα, vimentin, c-kit) on skin TCs.

Main Results:

  • Normal skin TCs possess characteristic telopodes, podomeres, and podoms, with podoms containing mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
  • TCs express CD34, PDGFRα, vimentin, and c-kit, and form a 3D network via junctions and paracrine secretion.
  • Pathological changes in TCs were observed in systemic sclerosis (cytoplasmic vacuolization, swollen mitochondria) and psoriasis (telopode fragmentation, cytoplasmic disintegration).
  • Psoriasis remission showed a recovery of TCs' ultrastructure to normal levels.

Conclusions:

  • Skin TCs exhibit unique ultrastructural features and play a role in dermal architecture and cell communication.
  • Altered TC morphology and distribution in systemic sclerosis and psoriasis suggest their involvement in dermatological disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific TCs markers and understand their response patterns in various skin diseases.