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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Evolution of Multivalent Nanoparticle Adhesion via Specific Molecular Interactions.

Mingqiu Wang1, Shreyas R Ravindranath1, Maha K Rahim1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, §Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ∥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, ⊥Beckman Laser Institute, and #Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States.

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Nanoparticle targeted delivery shows promise for disease treatment. Adhesive dynamics simulations reveal how nanoparticle detachment evolves over time, enhancing understanding of multivalent binding and optimizing future drug delivery agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Targeted delivery of nanoparticle carriers offers transformative potential for disease detection and treatment.
  • Nanoparticles' multivalent binding to target cells enhances adhesion strength but remains poorly understood dynamically.
  • Previous experiments observed decreasing nanoparticle detachment rates over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of nanoparticle adhesion using a simulation framework.
  • To understand the time-varying detachment behavior and its correlation with bond valency.
  • To validate simulation results against experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the adhesive dynamics simulation framework (nano adhesive dynamics - NAD).
  • Simulation of binding dynamics between antibody-conjugated nanoparticles and an ICAM-1-coated surface.
  • Analysis of individual bond interactions and nanoparticle detachment kinetics.

Main Results:

  • NAD simulations successfully replicated experimentally observed time-varying nanoparticle detachment.
  • Increased bond number over time was initially due to accumulation, then selection of higher valency nanoparticles.
  • Simulations accurately matched experiments under high mechanical force loads (>300 pN), influenced by Brownian motion and inter-bond forces.

Conclusions:

  • Excellent kinetic consistency achieved between NAD simulations and experiments.
  • Time-dependent detachment reflects an evolution toward higher overall nanoparticle bond valency.
  • NAD simulations provide insights into multivalent nanoparticle adhesion biophysics and can be used for optimizing targeted agents.