Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 12, 2026
07:51
Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
Published on: August 24, 2017
7.8K
Use of Transportable Radiation Detection Instruments to Assess Internal Contamination from Intakes of Radionuclides
Robert Anigstein1, Richard H Olsher, Donald A Loomis
1*S. Cohen & Associates, 1608 Spring Hill Road, Vienna, VA 2218; †HP Consulting, LLC, 20 Grand Canyon Drive, Los Alamos, NM 87544; ‡Radiation Studies Branch, EHHE, NCEH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30341-3717.
Health Physics
|November 1, 2016
Summary
Calibration factors were derived for portable radiation detectors to assess internal radionuclide contamination in individuals following radiological incidents. These factors enable accurate intake and dose estimations, crucial for emergency response and public health.
Area of Science:
- Medical Physics
- Radiation Detection and Measurement
- Computational Dosimetry
Background:
- Radiological incidents necessitate rapid assessment of internal radionuclide contamination.
- Transportable radiation monitoring instruments are vital for triaging affected individuals.
- Accurate calibration is essential for reliable in vivo measurements.
Purpose of the Study:
- Derive calibration factors for specific portable radiation instruments.
- Enable assessment of internal radionuclide intakes (Co, I, Cs, Ir) in various age groups.
- Provide input data for dose assessment software (ICAT).
Main Methods:
- Utilized biokinetic models (DCAL software) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCNPX code).
- Employed previously developed MCNP models for three physical instruments.
- Used pediatric and adult computational phantoms (ICRP Publication 110) to represent individuals.
Main Results:
- Generated calibration factors for Ludlum Model 44-2, Captus 3000, and TPM-903B instruments.
- Factors allow assessment of inhaled/ingested Co, I, Cs, and Ir.
- Calibration factors are compatible with the ICAT software for intake and dose estimation.
Conclusions:
- The derived calibration factors enhance the utility of portable radiation instruments for post-incident assessment.
- These factors facilitate accurate calculation of radionuclide intakes and subsequent dose estimations.
- The ICAT program offers a user-friendly tool for real-time intake and dose assessment.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:20Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences
1.6K
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
1.6K
01:25Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy
703
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Fundamental Principles of PET
703
02:59Biological Effects of Radiation
18.9K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.9K
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview
2.4K
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
2.4K
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
906
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
906
01:12Instrument Calibration
983
Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
983