Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.9K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.9K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

1.1K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
1.1K
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

3.0K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
3.0K
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

882
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
882
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.2K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.2K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

960
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
960

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term prognosis of patients surviving progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Treating Alzheimer's disease in a person living with HIV.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Drug Development.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Drug Development.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
10:04

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

Published on: January 12, 2016

9.7K

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

David B Clifford1

  • 1Washington University in St Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|November 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

HIV-associated neurocognitive disease remains a concern despite antiviral treatments. Chronic inflammation and cerebrovascular issues, not just the virus, drive cognitive decline, requiring new therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • HIV-associated neurocognitive disease (HAND) is a significant concern in neuroAIDS research.
  • While modern antiretroviral therapy improves outcomes, mild cognitive impairment persists in many HIV patients.
  • Understanding the mechanisms driving HAND is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disease.
  • To highlight emerging findings regarding the pathogenesis and management of HAND.
  • To emphasize the need for updated research strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on neuroAIDS and HAND.
  • Analysis of studies investigating viral, inflammatory, and vascular mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Identification of EcoHIV-Infected Cells in Microglia-Manipulated Transgenic Mice
07:23

Identification of EcoHIV-Infected Cells in Microglia-Manipulated Transgenic Mice

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.7K
A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection
08:48

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

Published on: January 21, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
10:04

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

Published on: January 12, 2016

9.7K
Identification of EcoHIV-Infected Cells in Microglia-Manipulated Transgenic Mice
07:23

Identification of EcoHIV-Infected Cells in Microglia-Manipulated Transgenic Mice

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.7K
A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection
08:48

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

Published on: January 21, 2021

3.9K
  • Evaluation of advancements in neuroimaging and treatment approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic inflammation, particularly involving monocytes and macrophages, is a key driver of cognitive dysfunction in HAND.
    • Cerebrovascular disease is increasingly recognized as a significant comorbidity contributing to cognitive deficits.
    • Neuroimaging techniques are advancing for detecting and measuring brain changes.
    • Combined antiretroviral therapy has improved neurological outcomes but has not fully reversed mild impairment.

    Conclusions:

    • Interventions beyond antiviral therapy are likely necessary to effectively manage or reverse HAND.
    • Addressing inflammatory and vascular mechanisms is critical for improving neurological outcomes in people living with HIV.
    • Continued research is essential to enhance neurological health for individuals with HIV.