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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models
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Polymer-Based Novel Lung Targeted Delivery Systems.

Enas Elmowafy, Rihab Osman1, Rania A H Ishak

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, Egypt.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review explores advanced drug delivery systems designed for the respiratory tract, focusing on nanoparticles and microparticles for targeted lung delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
PLGARespiratory tractalbuminalginatechitosangelatinhyaluronic acidpoly(Ɛ-caprolactone)

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • The respiratory tract is a promising non-invasive route for drug administration.
  • Overcoming lung defense mechanisms and biological barriers is crucial for effective drug delivery.
  • Targeted lung delivery aims for both local and systemic therapeutic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel smart lung-targeted delivery systems.
  • To analyze systems designed to overcome lung barriers.
  • To highlight key characteristics of these advanced drug delivery platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of novel systems including nanoparticles, nano-embedded-in microparticles (NEM), microparticles (MP), large porous particles (LPP), PulmospheresTM, and polymeric micelles.
  • Compilation of common preparation methods for these systems.
  • Emphasis on polymer characteristics, including natural (chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, albumin) and synthetic (PLGA, PCL) polymers.

Main Results:

  • Various engineered platforms are available for lung targeting.
  • Systems are characterized by aerodynamic diameter, morphology, lung deposition, and drug release profiles.
  • These platforms can deliver diverse therapeutic agents, including small molecules, proteins, and genes.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous development has led to engineered smart platforms for lung targeting.
  • These platforms can treat local and systemic diseases effectively.
  • Advancements in lung targeting enhance drug delivery capabilities for various therapeutic applications.