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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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What is that rash?

Lynne Speirs1, Steven McVea1, Rebecca Little1

  • 1Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 15-month-old girl presented with fever and rash, initially blanching then becoming purpuric with leg swelling. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in pediatric vasculitis, emphasizing prompt evaluation for serious conditions like meningococcal septicaemia.

Keywords:
DermatologyGeneral Paediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A 15-month-old child presented with acute onset fever and rash.
  • The rash evolved from blanching to non-blanching purpura with associated edema.

Observation:

  • Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, and a palpable purpuric rash on the limbs and face.
  • Initial laboratory investigations showed elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein, with normal coagulation parameters.
  • A subsequent vesicular rash developed on the trunk.

Findings:

  • The differential diagnosis included Henoch-Schonlein purpura, meningococcal septicaemia, and acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy.
  • Intravenous ceftriaxone was initiated pending further investigation.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of a thorough differential diagnosis in children presenting with fever and rash.
  • Prompt recognition and management are crucial to differentiate between benign and life-threatening conditions.
  • Further investigations such as viral serology, complement levels, and skin biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis and management.