Checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: latest developments and clinical potential

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology

Background:

• Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, with most patients diagnosed with metastatic disease and poor survival rates.
• Limited systemic therapy options existed for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after initial treatments until recently.

Approach:

• This manuscript reviews the mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors.
• It presents available data on approved and experimental agents in metastatic NSCLC.
• The review also discusses progress, toxicity, and future perspectives of these immunotherapies.

Key Points:

• Checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a crucial second-line therapeutic option for metastatic NSCLC.
• These agents have demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes.
• Understanding their mechanism and managing toxicities are key to optimizing their use.

Conclusions:

• Checkpoint inhibitors represent a major advancement in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
• Further research and clinical application are expanding their role in lung cancer care.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers in the field.