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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Pharmacological and Functional Genetic Assays to Manipulate Regeneration of the Planarian Dugesia japonica
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Regulatory RNAs in Planarians.

Kamila Pawlicka1, Patrick M Perrigue1, Jan Barciszewski1

  • 1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Acta Biochimica Polonica
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory RNAs are crucial for gene regulation but their evolution and function remain unclear. Planarian flatworms offer a powerful model system to study these regulatory RNAs and their roles in epigenetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The evolution and function of regulatory RNAs in epigenetic processes are not fully understood.
  • Planarian flatworms are emerging as a valuable model organism for biological research.
  • Regulatory RNAs play significant roles in gene expression and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of planarians as a model organism for studying regulatory RNA evolution and function.
  • To highlight the importance of regulatory RNAs in epigenetic processes.
  • To explore the identification and functional characterization of regulatory RNAs in planarians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on planarian biology and regulatory RNAs.
  • Analysis of genomic data to identify regulatory RNA candidates in planarians.
  • Comparative genomics to understand regulatory RNA evolution.

Main Results:

  • Planarian genomes encode a diverse repertoire of regulatory RNAs.
  • These regulatory RNAs are implicated in various gene regulatory networks.
  • Planarians possess unique biological features that facilitate the study of RNA function.

Conclusions:

  • Planarians provide a tractable model system for dissecting regulatory RNA roles in epigenetics.
  • Further research in planarians can elucidate fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation.
  • Understanding regulatory RNAs in planarians can offer insights into conserved biological processes.