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Related Concept Videos

Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
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Translocation as continuous movement through the ribosome.

Riccardo Belardinelli1, Heena Sharma1, Frank Peske1

  • 1a Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Department of Physical Biochemistry , Göttingen , Germany.

RNA Biology
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Elongation factor G (EF-G) accelerates tRNA-mRNA translocation by unlocking the ribosome, enabling rapid movement. This process involves coordinated ribosomal subunit motions and is crucial for protein synthesis and antibiotic sensitivity.

Keywords:
EF-GmRNAmolecular machinesprotein synthesisribosometRNAtranslationtranslation elongationtranslocation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome function is central to protein synthesis.
  • Translation elongation involves coordinated movement of tRNAs and mRNA within the ribosome.
  • Elongation factor G (EF-G) plays a critical role in promoting tRNA-mRNA translocation, a process dependent on GTP hydrolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms and choreography of ribosome translocation.
  • To understand how EF-G coordinates ribosomal subunit movements with tRNA translocation.
  • To investigate the role of ribosome dynamics in translation and antibiotic sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent studies detailing the trajectory of translocation.
  • Focus on the role of EF-G in promoting GTPase-dependent ribosome unlocking.
  • Examination of ribosome conformational changes and subunit motions during translocation.

Main Results:

  • EF-G accelerates translocation by facilitating ribosome unlocking through promoting a rotated state.
  • EF-G uncouples the backward motions of ribosomal subunits, creating an open conformation for rapid tRNA movement.
  • Ribosome dynamics are implicated in translocation efficiency and antibiotic sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • EF-G acts as a key regulator of ribosome dynamics during translation elongation.
  • Understanding ribosome unlocking and conformational changes is essential for comprehending protein synthesis.
  • Ribosome dynamics are critical for various translational events, including recoding and antibiotic interactions.