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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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A Case of Ileus and ST Segment Elevation.

Osama Siddique1, Somwail Rasla1, Seth Clark1

  • 1Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University.

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

ST segment elevation can occur with non-cardiac conditions like gastrointestinal issues. This case highlights the need for clinical context in interpreting electrocardiograms (EKGs) to avoid unnecessary interventions.

Keywords:
IleusST segment elevationSTEMInon-cardiac

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • ST segment elevation on electrocardiograms (EKGs) is commonly associated with myocardial infarction.
  • However, non-cardiac pathologies can also precipitate ST segment elevation, though less frequently reported.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male presented with cyclobenzaprine overdose and anticholinergic toxicity.
  • He developed ileus and obtundation, with EKG showing ST segment elevations but normal troponin levels.

Findings:

  • Urgent cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries.
  • Bowel decompression led to the resolution of ST segment changes, suggesting a link between gastrointestinal pathology and EKG findings.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering clinical context and non-cardiac causes for ST segment elevation.
  • Further investigation is crucial to prevent unnecessary cardiac work-up and potentially harmful treatments for patients with conflicting clinical data.