Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

2.2K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
2.2K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

247
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
247
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

1.8K
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
1.8K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

309
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
309
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

869
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
869
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IBS stress reactivity phenotype is associated with blood transcriptome profiles and microstructural and functional brain changes.

Neurobiology of stress·2026
Same author

Sensory Over-Responsivity in Autism: A Bidirectional Brain-Gut-Microbiome Model.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders·2026
Same author

Recommendations for the inclusion and study of sex and gender in research.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Brain Myelin Covariance Networks: Gradients, Cognition, and Higher-Order Landscape.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Multi-omics analysis reveal clinical-gut-brain interactions in female ibs patients with adverse childhood experiences.

Biology of sex differences·2025
Same author

Not quite a cure yet: unlocking the unfulfilled promise of live biotherapeutics for disease treatment.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.4K

Gut microbiome and liver diseases.

Herbert Tilg1, Patrice D Cani2, Emeran A Mayer3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Gut
|November 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota influences liver disease development and severity. Understanding gut microbiome alterations offers potential for new liver disorder therapies.

Keywords:
ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASEHEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHYLIVER CIRRHOSISPRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

More Related Videos

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.5K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.4K
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.5K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases.
  • The liver, due to its proximity to the gut, is significantly exposed to microbial components and metabolites.
  • Altered gut microbiome composition (dysbiosis) is linked to liver disorders like alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gut microbiota in liver disease.
  • To investigate how dysbiosis impacts hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • To assess the potential of targeting the gut microbiome for novel liver disease therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gut microbiota and liver disease.
  • Analysis of clinical metagenomic studies.
  • Examination of the impact of microbial metabolites and immune interactions.

Main Results:

  • Dysbiosis can modulate hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • In liver cirrhosis, an oral microbiome overrepresentation in the lower intestinal tract is observed.
  • Complications like hepatic encephalopathy show improvement with prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is integral to liver disease pathogenesis.
  • Further understanding of the gut microbiome in liver disorders can lead to innovative therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome holds promise for managing complex liver conditions.