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Updated: Mar 12, 2026
A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
Published on: February 22, 2022
Influences of two high intensity interval exercise protocols on the main determinants of blood fluidity in overweight
Sajad Ahmadizad1, Minoo Bassami2, Mohsen Hadian1
1Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Background:
Acute effects of continuous exercise on the markers of blood fluidity have been addressed in different populations and the changes are intensity related. However, the effect of different high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on these variables is unclear.
Objective:
This study is designed to determine the effects of two different HIIE with different work/rest ratios but the same energy expenditure on the main determinants of blood fluidity.
Methods:
Ten overweight men (age, 26.3±1.7 yrs) completed two HIIE protocols on two separate occasions with one week intervening. The two HIIE encompassed performing: 1) 6 intervals of 2 min activity at 85% of VO2max interspersed by 2 min active recovery at 30% of VO2max (ratio 1 to 1, HIIE1/1), and 2) 6 intervals of 30 s activity at 110% of VO2max interspersed by 4 min active recovery at 40% of VO2max (ratio 1 to 8, HIIE1/8). Each exercise trial was followed by 30 min rest. Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise and after recovery and analyzed for blood and plasma viscosity, fibrinogen and red blood cell indices.
Results:
The HIIE1/1 protocol led to higher reduction (P < 0.01) in plasma volume changes compared to HIIE1/8 (9.9% vs 5.7%). Moreover, increases in blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, RBC count and mean arterial blood pressure observed following HIIE1/1 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than HIIE1/8 ; whereas, the changes in fibrinogen concentration neither were significant in response to both trials nor were significantly different between two protocols (P > 0.05). However, the changes in all variables during exercise were transient and returned to the baseline levels after 30 min recovery.
Conclusions:
It is concluded that the HIIE protocol with lower intensity and shorter rest intervals (higher work to rest ratio) clearly results in more physiological strain than HIIE with higher intensity but longer rest intervals (lower work to rest ratio) in overweight individuals, and that the work to rest ratio could be as important as exercise intensity when considering the hemorheological variables during HIIE.
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