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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Crystal Structure of the N-terminal Domain of Ryanodine Receptor from Plutella xylostella
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Ion channels as insecticide targets.

Richard H Ffrench-Constant1, Martin S Williamson2, T G Emyr Davies2

  • 1a Biosciences , University of Exeter in Cornwall , Falmouth , UK.

Journal of Neurogenetics
|November 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Insecticide targets like ion channels are reviewed. Receptor subunit composition affects insecticide pharmacology, with some receptors reconstituting easily, while others, like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, present expression challenges.

Keywords:
DrosophilaInsecticide resistanceion channels

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Area of Science:

  • * Pharmacology
  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Entomology

Background:

  • * Ion channels are the primary targets for most small molecule insecticides.
  • * Understanding receptor pharmacology is crucial for insecticide development and resistance management.
  • * Heterologous expression systems are widely used to study insect receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review how receptor subunit composition influences insecticide-specific pharmacology.
  • * To compare the pharmacology of expressed receptors with those in the insect nervous system.
  • * To examine how insecticide-resistance mutations reveal binding sites and modes of action.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of literature on heterologously expressed insect receptors.
  • * Analysis of studies on GABA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, voltage-gated sodium channels, and ryanodine receptors.
  • * Examination of insecticide-resistance-associated mutations.

Main Results:

  • * Some receptors, like Rdl encoded GABA receptors, can be reconstituted with few subunits.
  • * Expression of functional insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors remains challenging, often requiring vertebrate subunits.
  • * Insecticide-resistance mutations can elucidate insecticide binding sites and allosteric modulation.

Conclusions:

  • * Subunit composition critically impacts receptor pharmacology and insecticide interaction.
  • * Challenges in expressing insect receptors necessitate alternative approaches.
  • * Resistance mutations offer valuable insights into insecticide mechanisms and target site interactions.