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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Parallel Processing01:20

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Executive functioning and local-global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder?

Lien Van Eylen1,2, Bart Boets2,3, Nele Cosemans2,4

  • 1Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|November 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functioning deficits, including response inhibition and cognitive flexibility, are potential endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings in relatives may help identify homogeneous subgroups for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordercentral coherenceexecutive functioningintermediate phenotyperelatives

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) heterogeneity complicates etiological research.
  • Identifying reliable endophenotypes is crucial for understanding ASD's genetic basis.
  • Executive functioning (EF) and local-global (L-G) visual processing are investigated as potential endophenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate executive functioning (EF) and local-global (L-G) visual processing as potential endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To determine if cognitive anomalies observed in ASD probands are present in their unaffected relatives.
  • To compare cognitive performance between ASD relatives and typically developing (TD) controls.

Main Methods:

  • Administered an extensive cognitive battery to ASD probands' relatives (n=113) and TD controls (n=100).
  • Utilized microarrays to exclude relatives with de novo mutations in known ASD susceptibility regions.
  • Conducted a literature review on EF and L-G processing in ASD relatives.

Main Results:

  • ASD relatives exhibited impairments in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and ideational fluency, mirroring ASD probands.
  • No significant anomalies were found in L-G visual processing tasks for ASD relatives, though they reported increased attention to detail.
  • Effect sizes were larger in multiplex families and for ASD probands compared to their relatives.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired cognitive flexibility, ideational fluency, and response inhibition are strong candidate endophenotypes for ASD.
  • These endophenotypes may aid in delineating etiologically homogeneous subgroups within ASD.
  • Identifying such subgroups is clinically significant for developing targeted interventions for ASD.