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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

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Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Virtual issue on absolute structure.

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Louis Pasteur's discovery of molecular chirality and spontaneous resolution in 1848, together with a complete review of his crystallographic and chemical work.

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Related Experiment Video

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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
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World Wide Web for Crystallography.

H D Flack1

  • 1Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Crystallography (W3VL) is detailed, showcasing its use in organizing conferences and advancing scientific publication and distance teaching in crystallography.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Information Science

Background:

  • The World Wide Web (WWW) and its Virtual Library (W3VL) offer new possibilities for scientific communication.
  • Crystallography research and education can benefit from digital information dissemination tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the establishment, maintenance, and future of the World Wide Web Virtual Library: Crystallography.
  • To highlight the application of WWW in organizing crystallographic conferences and in distance teaching.
  • To discuss the impact of WWW and CD-ROM technologies on scientific publishing in crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive analysis of the World Wide Web Virtual Library: Crystallography.
  • Case studies of WWW implementation in conference organization (two in-person, one electronic).
Keywords:
Virtual LibraryWorld Wide Webconferencecrystallographydistance teachinge-mailpublishing

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  • Exploration of WWW applications in crystallography education.

    • Main Results:

    • The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Crystallography has been successfully established and maintained.
    • WWW facilitated the organization of crystallographic conferences, including a fully electronic one.
    • WWW and CD-ROM technologies are poised to revolutionize scientific publication in crystallography.
    • Distance teaching in crystallography is a viable application for WWW.

    Conclusions:

    • The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Crystallography is a valuable resource for the scientific community.
    • WWW technologies offer significant advantages for crystallographic research, education, and communication.
    • The integration of WWW and CD-ROM marks a transformative shift in scientific publishing practices.