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Routine correction of low magnesium levels in critically ill patients significantly reduced ICU mortality and morbidity. This vital mineral, magnesium, is crucial for patient outcomes, yet often overlooked in intensive care settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) are linked to poor outcomes in critically ill patients.
  • Hypomagnesemia remains under-recognized and inadequately treated in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • The impact of correcting hypomagnesemia on ICU patient outcomes has not been previously studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish standard magnesium (Mg) levels in a healthy Indian population and compare with Western data.
  • To assess admission Mg levels in critically ill patients at an Indian tertiary hospital's ICU.
  • To determine if routine correction of hypomagnesemia impacts ICU patient outcomes compared to historical data.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital's intensive care unit in South India.
  • Measured serum magnesium levels on admission for critically ill patients.
  • Compared outcomes (ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, mortality) between patients receiving routine Mg correction and a historical control group.

Main Results:

  • Mean serum magnesium in healthy Indians (2.112 mg/dL) aligns with Western data.
  • Hypomagnesemia incidence was 23.96% among critically ill ICU admissions (Mg+2 ≤1.7 mg/dL).
  • Routine magnesium correction group showed reduced need for and duration of mechanical ventilation, and significantly lower ICU mortality (22.9% vs. 39.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium levels in healthy Indian and Western populations are comparable.
  • Routine screening and magnesium replacement in critically ill patients with hypomagnesemia reduce morbidity.
  • Correction of hypomagnesemia leads to a statistically significant reduction in overall ICU mortality.