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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

Published on: August 20, 2010

Cocaine Abuse: An Unusual Association.

S C Chaudhary1, K K Sawlani2, H S Malhotra3

  • 1Professor Junior Grade.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|November 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacologic interventions for cocaine addiction are lacking. This study highlights a rare case of cocaine abuse presenting with both widespread cerebral infarction and subdural hematoma, emphasizing the severe neurological risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cocaine addiction affects adolescents and young adults, with no current pharmacologic treatments.
  • Neurological complications from cocaine abuse, including stroke and seizures, are often severe due to vasoconstriction and vasculitis.

Observation:

  • A rare case of a patient with cocaine abuse presented with neurological complications.
  • The patient exhibited an unusual combination of widespread cerebral infarction and subdural hematoma.

Findings:

  • Subdural hematoma as an isolated intracranial hemorrhage is uncommon in cocaine abuse.
  • This case demonstrates a rare co-occurrence of cerebral infarction and subdural hematoma in a patient with cocaine addiction.

Implications:

  • Highlights the diverse and severe neurological sequelae of cocaine abuse.
  • Underscores the need for increased awareness and potential development of interventions for cocaine-induced neurological damage.