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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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Tolerance in Solid-Organ Transplant.

Richard N Fine1

  • 1Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

Experimental and Clinical Transplantation : Official Journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation
|November 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achieving operational tolerance in organ transplants remains challenging. New methods using regulatory T cells and hematopoietic cell transplants show promise for weaning immunosuppression and improving long-term graft function.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Immunotolerance, or non-recognition of specific tissue, has been elusive in human solid-organ transplantation since its initial demonstration in animals.
  • Clinical operational tolerance, defined by stable graft function exceeding one year without immunosuppression, has been observed in select kidney and liver transplant recipients.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers to differentiate tolerant from non-tolerant transplant recipients has proven unsuccessful.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies and emerging methodologies for achieving clinical operational tolerance in solid-organ transplant recipients.
  • To explore the potential of novel approaches, including regulatory T cell therapy and combined transplantation, to facilitate immunosuppression weaning.
  • To discuss the future implications of these advancements for long-term graft survival and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunotolerance and clinical operational tolerance in organ transplantation.
  • Analysis of strategies involving immunosuppression weaning in liver and kidney transplant recipients.
  • Examination of novel therapeutic approaches such as combined kidney and hematopoietic cell transplantation and ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cell infusions.

Main Results:

  • While true immunotolerance has not been achieved in human solid-organ transplants, clinical operational tolerance has been observed in some recipients.
  • Successful immunosuppression weaning has been reported in 60% of pediatric and 20% of adult liver transplant recipients.
  • Combined kidney and hematopoietic cell transplantation has induced chimerism and allowed for immunosuppression weaning in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells have facilitated immunosuppression weaning in liver transplant recipients, with ongoing trials for kidney recipients.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging strategies, particularly those involving regulatory T cells and combined transplantation, hold significant potential for inducing clinical operational tolerance.
  • These advancements offer a pathway to eliminate long-term reliance on immunosuppressive medications, thereby mitigating associated adverse effects.
  • The future outlook suggests that clinical operational tolerance may become achievable for a broader range of solid-organ transplant recipients.