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Analytically based photon scatter modeling for a multipinhole cardiac SPECT camera.

Amir Pourmoghaddas1, R Glenn Wells2

  • 1Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada and Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y-4W7, Canada.

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|November 4, 2016
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A new model-based scatter correction (SC) method, the analytical photon distribution (APD) method, improves accuracy in cardiac SPECT imaging. This APD-SC method is superior to dual energy window (DEW)-SC, especially in high-scatter scenarios.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiologic Technology

Background:

  • Dedicated cardiac SPECT scanners offer improved performance but face challenges with pinhole collimators causing position-dependent variations.
  • Scatter correction (SC) remains an issue, particularly for cadmium-zinc-telluride detectors where energy-based SC increases noise.
  • Model-based SC methods offer lower noise and accurate scatter calculation compared to energy-based methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of a model-based SC method, the analytical photon distribution (APD) method.
  • To compare the performance of APD-SC with dual energy window (DEW)-SC on a GE-Discovery NM530c cardiac SPECT scanner.
  • To evaluate APD-SC's effectiveness in mitigating scatter effects in cardiac SPECT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • The analytical photon distribution (APD) method was used to model scatter probabilities for 99mTc-SPECT.
  • APD scatter calculations were validated using point-source and anthropomorphic cardiac-torso phantom experiments.
  • CT attenuation correction (AC) was applied, and APD-SC and DEW-SC images were reconstructed and quantitatively compared against dose calibrator measurements.

Main Results:

  • APD-modeled projections showed good agreement with SPECT measurements and exhibited reduced noise compared to DEW scatter estimates.
  • APD-SC significantly reduced mean error in activity measurement compared to DEW-SC, particularly in high scatter fraction scenarios (mean SF = 28.5%, p = 0.007).
  • APD-SC also reduced measurement uncertainties, though not to a statistically significant degree (p > 0.5).

Conclusions:

  • Model-based APD scatter estimation is feasible and effective for dedicated cardiac SPECT scanners utilizing pinhole collimators.
  • APD-SC images demonstrate superior performance over DEW-SC images.
  • APD-SC significantly improves the accuracy of activity measurement in cardiac SPECT, especially under conditions with substantial scatter.