[Endoscopic thyroid surgery: the past, the present, and the future]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Surgical Oncology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Thyroid disease disproportionately affects women.
• Traditional open thyroidectomy results in visible anterior neck scars.
• Growing patient demand for cosmetic results drives innovation in thyroid surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in endoscopic thyroid surgery techniques.
• To evaluate methods for minimizing surgical scars and improving patient recovery.
• To assess the therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of minimally invasive thyroidectomy.

Main Methods:

• Exploration of endoscopic techniques for thyroidectomy.
• Analysis of strategies focusing on incision length reduction.
• Review of external cervical approaches utilizing endoscopy and robotics.

Main Results:

• Endoscopic techniques can achieve both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits in carefully selected patients.
• Two main approaches exist: minimizing incision length and hiding scars in concealed areas.
• Indications for endoscopic thyroid surgery are expanding.

Conclusions:

• Endoscopic thyroid surgery presents a viable alternative for improved cosmesis.
• Careful patient selection is crucial for optimal outcomes.
• Ongoing research is needed to address concerns regarding surgical trauma and oncological control in malignant cases.