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Shunt peaking in neural membranes.

Francisco J H Heras1, Simon B Laughlin2, Jeremy E Niven3

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK fjhheras@gmail.com.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|November 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Biological circuits can now achieve faster signaling without sacrificing signal strength. A voltage-dependent potassium conductance in fly photoreceptors acts like an inductance, increasing bandwidth and reducing distortion.

Keywords:
biophysical constraintsgain–bandwidth productinsect photoreceptormembrane capacitancephenomenological inductancevoltage-dependent conductances

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Capacitance fundamentally limits the bandwidth of electrical circuits, including biological ones, by dictating the gain-bandwidth product (GBWP).
  • In engineered circuits, inductance can mitigate this limitation via shunt peaking, a technique not previously observed in biological systems.
  • This limitation necessitates a trade-off between signal gain and bandwidth in biological circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mechanisms for enhancing bandwidth in biological electrical circuits without compromising signal gain.
  • To identify if biological equivalents of shunt peaking exist and their functional implications.
  • To explore the role of specific ion channels in modulating neuronal bandwidth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrophysiological recordings and computational modeling of blowfly photoreceptor circuits.
  • Developed and analyzed a computational model of the honeybee drone photoreceptor.

Main Results:

  • Identified a voltage-dependent potassium conductance (fast delayed rectifier, FDR) in blowfly photoreceptors that performs shunt peaking.
  • Demonstrated that FDR increases photoreceptor bandwidth without reducing gain, optimizing the GBWP.
  • Showed that a voltage-dependent sodium conductance can also produce shunt peaking in a honeybee photoreceptor model.

Conclusions:

  • Shunt peaking, previously limited to engineered circuits, is actively employed in biological systems, specifically in photoreceptors.
  • The fast delayed rectifier (FDR) conductance in fly photoreceptors enhances signaling speed and reduces distortion.
  • Shunt peaking may be a common strategy across various graded neurons and dendrites for achieving wide-band signal transmission.